Talmud - Shabbat 126b שבת קכ״ו ב׳

that have a handle may be moved on Shabbat. And Rav Yehuda bar Sheila said that Rav Asi said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: And that is specifically when the status of a vessel applies to them, i.e., when the cover itself is suited for use as a vessel. This is contrary to the opinion of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel, who holds that preparation alone is sufficient.

And if you say: Here, too, Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel is referring to a case where the status of a vessel applies to the reed, does Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel require that the status of a vessel apply to it? Wasn’t it taught in a baraita: With regard to hard branches of a palm tree that one cut for firewood or for construction and then he reconsidered their designation and decided to use them for sitting, he must tie the branches together on Shabbat eve so that they will not be set-aside. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: He need not tie them together, and nevertheless, it is permitted to move them. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel does not require that one render it a vessel. Thought is sufficient.

The Gemara answers: Rabbi Yoḥanan holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel in one matter and disagrees with him in one matter.

Rabbi Yitzḥak taught at the entrance of the house of the Exilarch: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer in the matter of a window shutter. Rav Amram raised an objection from that we learned explicitly in a mishna: And from their statements and their actions, we derived that one may seal a window, and measure, and tie a knot on Shabbat. Apparently, one may shutter the window under any circumstances, not only when the shutter was prepared for use, as Rabbi Eliezer said.

Abaye said to Rav Amram: What is your opinion, that the proof is decisive because it was taught in the mishna unattributed and the halakha is in accordance with an unattributed mishna? The mishna with regard to a bolt that is dragged is also an unattributed mishna. The halakha should be in accordance with that mishna as well. The Gemara concludes: And even so, an action is greater. Even though the two mishnayot are of equal weight, since one of them not only cites an unattributed opinion but also relates an incident where the Sages shuttered a window, that source is decisive.

MISHNA: All covers of vessels that have a handle may be moved on Shabbat. Rabbi Yosei said: In what case is this statement said? In the case of a cover for the ground, i.e., the cover of a pit; however, with regard to covers of vessels, both in this case and in that case, even if they do not have handles, they may be moved on Shabbat.

GEMARA: Rav Yehuda bar Sheila said that Rabbi Asi said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: And this applies specifically when the status of a vessel applies to them and they are suited for some use. The Gemara adds: Everyone holds that with regard to a cover for the ground, if it has a handle, yes, it is permitted to move it, and if not, no, it is prohibited to move it; with regard to a cover of a vessel, even if it does not have a handle, it is permitted to move it.

When they disagree in the mishna, it is with regard to vessels that one attached to the ground. This Sage, the first tanna, holds that we issue a decree according to which it is prohibited to move the cover of a vessel attached to the ground due to the concern that one will move a cover for the ground itself, and that Sage, Rabbi Yosei, holds that we do not issue a decree.

Another version of this statement: When they disagree in the mishna, it is with regard to the cover of an oven; this Sage likens it to a cover for the ground, and this Sage likens it to a cover of a vessel.

MISHNA: On Shabbat, one may move even four or five baskets of straw and baskets of produce, due to the guests, who require that place to sit, and due to suspension of Torah study in the study hall, where space is required to seat the students. However, one may not move these items to create space in the storeroom.

One may move ritually pure teruma, although it may only be eaten by a priest; and doubtfully tithed produce [demai], which may not be eaten until tithes are separated from it due to concern that an am ha’aretz did not separate its tithes; and first tithe whose teruma of the tithe has already been taken and given to priests; and second tithe and consecrated items that were redeemed; and even dry lupine, which is not fit for consumption by a person, because it is goat food.

However, one may neither move untithed produce, nor first tithe whose teruma has not been taken, nor second tithe and consecrated items that were not redeemed, nor raw arum and raw mustard, as all of these items are not fit for consumption and are therefore set aside. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel permits moving in the case of arum because it is food for ravens.

With regard to bundles of straw, and bundles of wood, and bundles of twigs, if one prepared them on Shabbat eve for animal food, one may move them. And if not, one may not move them.

GEMARA: The Gemara asks: Now that the mishna stated that one may move five baskets, is mentioning four baskets necessary?

Rav Ḥisda said: The mishna means that one may move four out of five baskets, but not all of them. Some say: It is permitted to move four baskets from a small storeroom and five baskets from a large storeroom.

The Gemara asks: And what then is the meaning of: However, one may not move these items to create space in the storeroom? It means that one may not use the storeroom for the first time. If he has never taken supplies from this storeroom, he may not begin moving baskets from it. And whose opinion is cited in this mishna? It is the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, who is of the opinion that this constitutes a prohibition of set-aside. The contents of a storeroom that was never used are set-aside.

And Shmuel says: The difficulty in the mishna should be explained as a figure of speech: Four and five,

Traduction : The William Davidson digital edition of the Koren Noé Talmud, with commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz.

Shabbat 126b explores rules on moving vessels and prepared objects on Shabbat, debating Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel and Rabbi Eliezer's views on window shutters.